In this study, an evaluation framework for retrofitting traditional electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) into photovoltaic-energy storage-integrated charging stations (PV-ES-I CSs) to improve green and low-carbon energy supply systems is proposed. Wireless charging solutions offer a groundbreaking approach to energy storage by enabling efficient, connection-free charging, which leverage electromagnetic fields to transfer energy seamlessly to FSCs. Highlights current challenges and future prospects of flexible wireless charging energy storage. As shown in Fig. What is the scheduling strategy of photovoltaic charging. Institute for Mechatronic Systems (IMS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. 2025, 16 (3), 121; https://doi. Designed for versatility, sustainability, and rapid. Abstract: Natural disasters can lead to large-scale power outages, affecting critical infrastructure and causing social and economic damages. These events are exacerbated by climate change, which increases their frequency and magnitude.