Technologies like green hydrogen, advanced compressed air, and pumped hydro storage are becoming essential for achieving 100% renewable electricity systems, with deployment accelerating toward the 970 GW global target by 2030. Energy storage is one of several potentially important enabling technologies supporting large-scale deployment of renewable energy, particularly variable renewables such as solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind. Although energy storage does not produce energy—in fact, it is a net consumer due to. A key strategy in achieving this goal is reducing emissions from coal-fired power plants, either by retiring or retrofitting them. Notably, approximately two-thirds of APEC economies plan to phase out coal-fired power plants by 2030 or 2040, including Australia; Canada; Chile; Hong Kong, China;. Although interconnecting and coordinating wind energy and energy storage is not a new concept, the strategy has many benefits and integration considerations that have not been well-documented in distribution applications.
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