While batteries can provide valuable short-term support to the grid, they cannot function as long-duration energy storage (LDES) solutions or scale to the levels needed to back up large-scale energy systems that are reliant on intermittent wind and solar. Battery storage is a technology that enables power system operators and utilities to store energy for later use. A battery energy storage system (BESS) is an electrochemical device that charges (or collects energy) from the grid or a power plant and then discharges that energy at a later time to. Breakthroughs in battery technology are transforming the global energy landscape, fueling the transition to clean energy and reshaping industries from transportation to utilities. In everyday life, lithium-ion batteries are often found in smartphones, laptops or electric vehicles. However, as advancements emerge and new technologies develop, the dominance of lithium-ion batteries faces challenges from novel alternatives designed for. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative, offering portability, fast charging, long cycle life, and higher energy density. However, LIBs still face challenges related to limited lifespan, safety concerns (such as overheating), and environmental impact due to resource. Utility-scale lithium-ion battery energy storage systems (BESS), together with wind and solar power, are increasingly promoted as the solution to enabling a “clean” energy future.